Pio-Clementine Museum

The Pio-Clementine Museum is one of the main museums that make up the Vatican Museums, located in the Vatican City. Its history dates back to the second half of the 18th century and is closely linked to Popes Clement XIV and Pius VI, from whom it takes its name.

Foundation and Development

• Clement XIV (1769-1774): It was Pope Clement XIV who founded the museum in 1771. His aim was to create a space to preserve and display the ancient works of art that had been collected over the centuries by his predecessors. Much of the initial collection came from the private collections of the popes and from acquisitions of Roman antiquities.
• Pius VI (1775-1799): Clement XIV's successor, Pope Pius VI, continued the work of enlarging and enriching the collections. Under his pontificate, the museum was considerably enlarged and reorganised. It was during this period that many of the museum's famous classical statues were acquired and exhibited.

Architecture and Collections

The Pio-Clementino Museum is famous for its neoclassical architecture, designed by architects such as Alessandro Dori and Michelangelo Simonetti. The museum complex comprises a series of beautifully decorated rooms:

• Greek Cross Hall: It houses works such as the famous statue of Apollo del Belvedere and the Sarcophagus of St. Constance.
• Round Hall: Inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, with its large dome and mosaic floors.
• Gallery of Statues: One of the most important galleries for classical sculpture, with famous Greek and Roman works.

Main Works

Among the most important works exhibited in the Pio-Clementino Museum are:

• Apollo of the Belvedere: One of the most famous statues of classical antiquity, representing the god Apollo.
• Laocoon Group: A masterpiece of Hellenistic art depicting the Trojan priest Laocoon and his sons being attacked by sea serpents.
• Hercules at rest: A monumental statue depicting Hercules in a moment of rest.

Cultural Importance

The Pio-Clementine Museum is considered one of the most important museums of classical sculpture in the world. Its collections not only illustrate the artistry of antiquity, but also represent the important role the popes played in preserving and promoting classical culture. Today, the museum continues to attract millions of visitors every year and is an essential stop for anyone visiting the Vatican Museums.